what's a good way to start a research report

Educational resources and simple solutions for your research journey

How to Start Writing a Research Paper: 10 Steps You Should Not Skip

Writing a research paper can be daunting; early career researchers often find themselves at a crossroads, not knowing how to start writing a research paper. Working on a research project, conducting experiments, and gathering data can be exciting work, but many tend to procrastinate when it comes to actually writing it all down and producing a quality research paper. Unfamiliarity with the language, inexperience with academic writing, and uncertainty about how to present data and information in a simple, accurate way are all real obstacles. Yet, writing a well-structured, compelling research paper is essential to communicate your findings, make an impact in your field, and grow your academic career. So in this comprehensive article, we’ll walk you through how to start writing a research paper, from formulating a research question to organizing your thoughts and staying on track.

Not all research papers are the same. Academic writing requirements can vary based on the type of article, its purpose, or even the field of research. Regardless, the basic steps in writing a research paper remain broadly the same. With proper planning and preparation, and consistent effort, you can overcome procrastination and become a better academic writer.

Table of Contents

Define a clear, focused research question

Knowledge without direction is like a boat on dry land. So, the first step in writing a research paper is to craft a strong research question that sets the foundation for your paper and guides your study’s objectives. Consider your area of interest, review existing literature, and identify gaps or areas needing further exploration to craft a clear and focused research question.

Conduct a thorough literature review

Before diving into your research, conduct a comprehensive literature review to gain insights into the existing body of knowledge on your topic and in related areas. This step will help you identify key theories, findings, and methodologies used in related studies, help you understand how your work fits into the broader academic landscape, and add credibility to your work as an expert.

Formulate a research statement

Your research statement serves as the core of your research paper, allowing readers to understand the main argument or purpose of your study. With the insights from your literature review, craft a concise and compelling research statement that encapsulates the essence of your research question and sets the direction for your paper.

Create a strong research paper outline

Now that you have a clear research question and statement in place, organize your research and data systematically. Create a cohesive outline that outlines the main sections of your research paper (the introduction, methodology, results, discussions, and conclusion) to ensure focus and coherence in your writing. Having a mind map of how information is to be presented in your article is a critical step in simplifying the process of writing a research paper.

Begin working on the first draft

Don’t expect perfection when you start writing a research paper; the first draft should focus on getting your research out onto paper. If you’ve followed the steps so far, this becomes an easier task. You only need to focus on the outline and what you want to communicate in each section, then just fill in the gaps. While many researchers put off writing a research paper until they’ve finished the study, experts suggest that working on your manuscript along with your research may actually help ensure all the details are captured accurately and completely.

Writing a compelling Introduction

The introduction is your paper’s gateway, capturing the reader’s attention and setting the stage for what follows. Consider beginning with a hook or an engaging anecdote to pique the reader’s interest and entice them to delve deeper into your research. Be sure to clearly state the research question and statement, providing context and significance for your study. A well-crafted introduction will entice readers to delve deeper into your research.

Spend time on your Abstract and Title

When writing a research paper, it’s common to focus on the Methods, Results, and Discussion while neglecting the Title and Abstract. However, this is a sure way to fail. These two sections are often what a reader typically encounters of your paper, so spend enough time fine-tuning them. Ensure the title is clear, specific, and reflective of your research with the keywords to make sure your paper is found, read, and cited. Include the research question and main premise of your research when writing the abstract , which should effectively summarize your manuscript.

Wrap up with a well-rounded Conclusion

When writing a research paper conclusion, highlight the key points but take care not to include any concepts or points that have not been discussed in the body of your research paper. Ensure that in summarizing your work, you present the answer to your research question in an interesting, easy to understand way.

Align with the target journal guidelines

One of the most important final steps in writing a research paper is checking to ensure it aligns with journal guidelines. This not only ensures the likelihood of acceptance by the journal; it also reflects your commitment and professionalism as an academic. Double check that your research fits within the journal’s scope and aligns with its specific aims and objectives. Thoroughly review the journal’s website or guidelines document, paying attention to formatting requirements, citation styles, word limits, and preferred article structure. Confirm you have addressed requests for additional data or ethical declarations to avoid potential delays or rejections.

Revise and polish your academic writing

Poor language and comprehension is often one of the top reasons for manuscript rejection. So after you have completed the first draft, take time to edit and proofread your work. Avoid using too much jargon and technical terms and create simple, concise sentences to convey your message. Check for grammar errors, punctuation and spelling mistakes, correct word choice and sentence structure, and any unintended plagiarism.

Knowing how to start writing a research paper is just the first step in a crucial and often challenging process. We hope the detailed steps listed above will help you overcome any hesitation and lay the foundation for a well-crafted, engaging, and impactful research paper, with the best chance of publication success.

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How to Start a Research Paper: Tips, Tricks, and Tools You Need

Research papers are considered the backbone of academia and other professional fields because one can develop ideas, argue points, and create something new. Poor procedures of selecting the topic, organization of the content, and poor time management are the processes involved in starting a research paper, which are problematic for a student and a researcher. The modern tools, like Arvin AI , can assist how to start a research paper more comfortably. The following guide gives every vital tip, trick, and tool necessary to confidently launch into one’s research paper journey toward optimal results.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Understanding the Basics of a Research Paper

What is a research paper.

A research paper is an academic writing  on any specific topic. It actually answers a how to start a research paper or brings up a thesis through the help of critical analysis and valid arguments. Research papers could take various forms, argumentative, analytical, or even experimental. An argumentative paper tries to convince readers of the merit of a particular point of view, while analytical papers break down and analyze different aspects of a subject. An experimental paper would, in turn, present original findings from studies or experiments. Each of them plays a specific role and observes peculiarities.

Why Research Papers Matter?

These papers are in high demand within academics as well as professional life. These reflect deep information analytical power; show how much he or she is able to transform thoughts into words, hence giving back something new to the subject. How to start a research paper? Research paper work  acts as a ticket for higher education and an indirect cause for job promotion within academia. At the same time, this fuels innovation outside academia. Quite a few important researches have shaped how the decisions are actually made. For instance, the DNA double helix paper by Watson and Crick, and influential studies on climate change, have influenced science and policy the world over.

Common Challenges Faced by Beginners

Writing a research paper  is a daunting task for the uninitiated. First, there is the selection of an appropriate topic, which should balance between personal interest and academic relevance. Then comes the structuring of the paper, a difficult task for those with no experience in academic writing conventions. Of utmost importance is proper time management to avoid procrastination and writer’s block. Meeting these challenges early will definitely pave the way for a smooth sail in writing.

Part 2: Preparing to Write Your Research Paper

Selecting a compelling topic.

Choosing the right topic is one of the most critical steps in how to start a research paper. It should align with your interests and meet the requirements of your assignment or field. A rich topic is focused yet addressable, with the potential to be discussed in a detailed manner within the given paper. Also, try reviewing recent trends, brainstorming ideas, and seeking professors or peer consultations in order to zero in on a good focus.

Conducting Preliminary Research

Preliminary research forms the backbone of your paper, allowing you to investigate available books, academic journals, and credible websites in understanding what is already there and what gaps your research has to fill. These will include reliable sources such as JSTOR, Google Scholar , and library archives. The more detailed the notes are, the easier it will be to refer to them later on in the process, with references that are organized.

Formulating a Research Question

A good research question  lies at the heart of any well-crafted paper. The clearer the question, the more focused the investigation and analysis it guides. For instance, a general question would be, “Why is climate change bad?” whereas an appropriately specific question would be, “What are the economic impacts of climate change on small island nations?” Refining research questions through exercises helps you reach clarity and direction.

Creating an Outline

An outline is an essential implement for organizing your thoughts and structuring your paper. It provides a roadmap that ensures logical flow and coherence. A typical outline includes an introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs with topic sentences and evidence, and a conclusion that summarizes the findings and suggests future directions. Templates and examples  can serve as helpful starting points for creating your outline.

Part 3: Writing the Research Paper

Crafting a strong introduction.

It has to introduce and set up your research paper as well as engage your audience. Begin with attention such as surprising statistics, intriguing questions, or quotations that go directly into introducing the topic how to start a research paper. Following should be the contextual information related to the background information regarding the topic, and thereafter state the purpose and coverage in a thesis statement. After such a good introduction, any other reader will be inspired and curious about perusing further on.  

Writing the Main Body

Body: The main body is where one develops the arguments and evidences supporting them. One topic, introduced by a topic sentence, is discussed in every paragraph. Data, quotes, and analysis are all different types of supporting evidence; all must be thoroughly explained and connected back to one’s thesis. Logical transitions from one paragraph to another ensure smooth narration. With well-structured arguments, one can successfully convince or educate his audience.

Concluding Your Paper

The conclusion summarizes your research and brings out the importance of your findings. It reiterates the thesis in the light of evidence provided, and it highlights the key takeaways. A good conclusion also indicates areas for further research, motivating further study of questions that remain unanswered. Avoid the introduction of new information in this section, as this should be a closure to your discussion.

Citing Sources Properly

It is also critical in academic writing that proper citation be used, since it gives credit to original authors and helps avoid plagiarism. Most common styles include APA, MLA, and Chicago, with their own specific rules for the referencing format. Zotero, EndNote, and even online citation generators make the process smooth and largely accurate. Proper understanding and adherence to standards in citations demonstrate academic integrity and professionalism.

Part 4: Enhancing Your Research Paper with Technology

Research paper writing has grown more effective, accurate, and accessible due to technology in modern digital times. From artificial intelligence to specialized tools, leveraging the latest advancements has transformed approaches to academic writing in many ways. This may involve how to start a research paper:

The Role of AI in Research Paper Writing

It is now a game-changer for any researcher, as AI automates each painful process and increases the rate of productivity. Artificial Intelligence enables tools to support you in reviewing the literature, selecting sources, and even in drafting content. A tool which can scan large databases within seconds assures you that only highly relevant information about your topic would come up. The supportiveness of AI tools also eases writing by means of grammar correction, plagiarism checks, and coherence in structuring-important for the researcher to let him/her concentrate on the quality rather than spend hours in format adjustment or syntax refinement.

Benefits of Technology for Brainstorming, Editing, and Formatting

AI tools go beyond basic writing assistance. They serve as brainstorming partners, generating topic ideas and suggesting unique angles. Advanced algorithms analyze keywords and provide suggestions for expanding or narrowing your research focus. For editing and formatting, AI tools are a necessity. They follow certain style guides, which make them compatible with formats such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. This eliminates the chances of errors and consumes much less time, so you can invest more time in critical analysis and building your argument.

How Arvin AI Can Simplify Research Paper Writing

Among the array of tools for AI writing tools , Arvin AI stands out. Arvin AI is designed to help both academics and professionals, with advanced features in it that will make the whole process of research very easy, whether one is an inexperienced or experienced writer. From the generation of appropriate topic ideas to full outlines, Arvin AI makes each stage of your research paper smoother. It automates conventionally hours-long tasks into smooth, user-friendly processes, including keyword research, formatting, and plagiarism checks. With its enhanced capabilities, Arvin AI lets researchers spend more time being creative and thinking critically, while all the technical work is done with ease.

Key Features of Arvin AI

• Advanced Research Capabilities:

Arvin AI does an excellent job in keyword extraction and source suggestion. By analyzing your topic, it identifies the most relevant keywords and connects you with reliable academic sources, saving hours of manual searching.

• Real-Time Outline and Content Generation:

With its real-time generation capabilities, Arvin AI creates comprehensive outlines and draft sections. This feature is particularly useful when you’re unsure how to structure your paper or require assistance in starting.

• Grammar and Plagiarism Check Tools:

Accuracy and originality are paramount in your content. Arvin AI has grammar-checking and plagiarism detection tools which will make you confident in quality.

Steps to Use Arvin AI

Step 1:  Create your account on the website of Arvin AI. After that, just log in to the website and start using it via an interactive dashboard.

Step 2: Type your topic, research question, or keywords here. Arvin AI analyzes the input and generates ideas accordingly.  

Step 3: Utilize Arvin AI to outline ideas, construct a structural outline, and create preliminary drafts. This alone will make writing so much faster.

Step 4: Once your draft is ready, let Arvin AI refine it. Its grammar and plagiarism tools ensure a polished and original paper ready for submission. Now copy this and make your file.

Part 5: Finalizing Your Research Paper

After drafting your research paper, the next critical step is finalizing it for submission. This involves meticulous editing, seeking feedback, and adhering to formatting guidelines.

Editing and Proofreading Tips

Editing and proofreading are necessary in ridding the paper of errors to improve readability. Check grammatical errors, uncomfortable phrasing, and logical inconsistencies of how to start a research paper. A well-edited paper shows professionalism and dedication.

Tools and Techniques for Effective Proofreading

Use Grammarly, Hemingway Editor, or Arvin AI as additional levels of proofreading. These tools will catch a lot of those mistakes that are so easy to overlook when proofreading you. Another good way is reading your paper out loud, and it will help in identifying minor issues and flow problems of how to start a research paper.

Peer Review and Feedback

Peer and mentor feedback can bring to light important views about your paper. Show your draft to people who know about the subject and have opinions regarding its weaknesses and where improvement is needed.

Incorporating Feedback to Strengthen Your Paper

When you receive feedback, be open-minded. Take each suggestion in turn and build on your arguments. This type of feedback can help you identify blind spots and produce a paper that is fair yet persuasive.

Preparing for Submission

Follow the essential formatting guidelines with regard to margin, font type, size, and spacing. Maintaining consistency within the formats shows attention to detail and adherence to academic standards.

Checking for Adherence to Guidelines and Instructions

Before submitting any paper, consider the particular submission guidelines stipulated by different journals or instructors. A paper should fall within any specified word counts, citation style, and other variables to avoid bases for rejection of the paper.

Part 6: Tips for Long-Term Success in how to start a research paper

It takes practice to how to start a research paper, and improvement usually comes with consistency. To sustain your performance, you must work at building strong habits and capitalizing on available resources.

Building Strong Research Habits

Get into a schedule whereby you consistently read, analyze, and write. Break your work down into smaller portions in order not to suffer burnout and lose focus. Subscribe to academic journals, attend webinars, and follow research blogs to keep up with new methodologies, tools, and insights in the field.

Leveraging Online Resources and Communities

Resources such as PubMed, JSTOR, and Research Gate allow users to access a plethora of peer-reviewed articles and enable collaboration. Such resources are highly valuable in order to keep up with developments and also to find credible references.

Importance of Networking with Other Researchers

Participate in online and offline academic communities. In this way, you can share your ideas, receive feedback, and find opportunities for collaboration that will enhance your research process.

Continuous Learning and Improvement

Keep a record of the feedback you have received on previously submitted papers. Studying previous critiques will help you avoid committing the same mistakes repeatedly and will help you become a better writer over time.

Participating in Writing Workshops and Seminars

Sign up for writing workshops or seminar classes. Such sessions have real-time tips and exposure to many writing styles and skills.

Writing a research paper is a 3D work: discipline, creativity and technology. This will help the candidates to follow the steps in a systematic way which we have discussed here with Arvin AI  tool to transform how to start a research paper writing. Technology not only simplifies your tasks but also enables you to focus more on creating meaningful and impactful work. Think of any paper you write as one step of your journey as a researcher and a writer.

1. How does technology improve the process of writing research papers?

Technology removes the rough edges out of writing by automating brainstorming, editing, and formatting. Increased research capacity, there are tools as well that includes AI that assists in enhancing the quality of the writing while saving time in the same.

2. What is so unique about Arvin AI compared to other writing tools?

From real-time content generation, checking for grammar and plagiarism, and suggesting sources, Arvin AI is a one-stop solution to writing research papers.

3. Is Arvin AI good for beginners in research paper writing?

Yes, Arvin AI is friendly and professionally designed to be used for constructing well-structured and high-quality research papers by beginners and experienced writers alike.

4. What are the tips to conclude a research paper?

Thoroughly edit your work, invite peer review, and, finally, format according to specifications. Use AI tools for grammar checks and plagiarism detection for polishing.

Sarah Collins is a passionate professional writer with a master’s degree in Literature and Writing and over a decade of experience in content creation. She specializes in crafting engaging articles, from academic writing and grammar-focused content to practical guides, and believes writing is an art that connects deeply with readers.

Outside of work, Sarah finds inspiration in collecting vintage typewriters, appreciating their timeless charm and the tactile connection they provide to the written word.

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How to start your research paper [step-by-step guide]

1. Choose your topic

2. find information on your topic, 3. create a thesis statement, 4. create a research paper outline, 5. organize your notes, 6. write your introduction, 7. write your first draft of the body, 9. write your conclusion, 10. revise again, edit, and proofread, frequently asked questions about starting your research paper, related articles.

Research papers can be short or in-depth, but no matter what type of research paper, they all follow pretty much the same pattern and have the same structure .

A research paper is a paper that makes an argument about a topic based on research and analysis.

There will be some basic differences, but if you can write one type of research paper, you can write another. Below is a step-by-step guide to starting and completing your research paper.

Choose a topic that interests you. Writing your research paper will be so much more pleasant with a topic that you actually want to know more about. Your interest will show in the way you write and effort you put into the paper. Consider these issues when coming up with a topic:

• make sure your topic is not too broad
• narrow it down if you're using terms that are too general

Academic search engines are a great source to find background information on your topic. Your institution's library will most likely provide access to plenty of online research databases. Take a look at our guide on how to efficiently search online databases for academic research to learn how to gather all the information needed on your topic.

Tip: If you’re struggling with finding research, consider meeting with an academic librarian to help you come up with more balanced keywords.

If you’re struggling to find a topic for your thesis, take a look at our guide on how to come up with a thesis topic .

The thesis statement is one of the most important elements of any piece of academic writing. It can be defined as a very brief statement of what the main point or central message of your paper is. Our thesis statement guide will help you write an excellent thesis statement.

In the next step, you need to create your research paper outline . The outline is the skeleton of your research paper. Simply start by writing down your thesis and the main ideas you wish to present. This will likely change as your research progresses; therefore, do not worry about being too specific in the early stages of writing your outline.

Then, fill out your outline with the following components:

• the main ideas that you want to cover in the paper
• the types of evidence that you will use to support your argument
• quotes from secondary sources that you may want to use

Organizing all the information you have gathered according to your outline will help you later on in the writing process. Analyze your notes, check for accuracy, verify the information, and make sure you understand all the information you have gathered in a way that you can communicate your findings effectively.

Start with the introduction. It will set the direction of your paper and help you a lot as you write. Waiting to write it at the end can leave you with a poorly written setup to an otherwise well-written paper.

The body of your paper argues, explains or describes your topic. Start with the first topic from your outline. Ideally, you have organized your notes in a way that you can work through your research paper outline and have all the notes ready.

After your first draft, take some time to check the paper for content errors. Rearrange ideas, make changes and check if the order of your paragraphs makes sense. At this point, it is helpful to re-read the research paper guidelines and make sure you have followed the format requirements. You can also use free grammar and proof reading checkers such as Grammarly .

Tip: Consider reading your paper from back to front when you undertake your initial revision. This will help you ensure that your argument and organization are sound.

Write your conclusion last and avoid including any new information that has not already been presented in the body of the paper. Your conclusion should wrap up your paper and show that your research question has been answered.

Allow a few days to pass after you finished writing the final draft of your research paper, and then start making your final corrections. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill gives some great advice here on how to revise, edit, and proofread your paper.

Tip: Take a break from your paper before you start your final revisions. Then, you’ll be able to approach your paper with fresh eyes.

As part of your final revision, be sure to check that you’ve cited everything correctly and that you have a full bibliography. Use a reference manager like Paperpile to organize your research and to create accurate citations.

The first step to start writing a research paper is to choose a topic. Make sure your topic is not too broad; narrow it down if you're using terms that are too general.

The format of your research paper will vary depending on the journal you submit to. Make sure to check first which citation style does the journal follow, in order to format your paper accordingly. Check Getting started with your research paper outline to have an idea of what a research paper looks like.

The last step of your research paper should be proofreading. Allow a few days to pass after you finished writing the final draft of your research paper, and then start making your final corrections. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill gives some great advice here on how to revise, edit and proofread your paper.

There are plenty of software you can use to write a research paper. We recommend our own citation software, Paperpile , as well as grammar and proof reading checkers such as Grammarly .

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Last Updated: March 10, 2024 References

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 16 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 313,904 times.

A research paper employs primary sources/data to support a thesis statement. It is a type of persuasive essay used frequently in science, literature, and history curricula. Regardless of your level of education and chosen field, you'll need to follow a few simple steps to get your research paper off the ground. You'll need to decide on a topic, formulate a thesis statement, conduct research, organize your findings, and then set pen to paper or fingers to keyboard.

Sample Research Papers

Deciding on a Topic

• For example, if you are writing a research paper for a college course, you should know how long it should be, what sources can be used, the topics you can choose from, and the deadline to turn it in. Once you understand the parameters, you can set out a schedule to complete the paper on time. [2] X Research source

• For example, if you are taking an American history course and you want to write a research paper on the origins of the American Revolution, you'd probably want to begin by reading other books on the subject. You'll soon realize that historians have discussed the Revolution's origins primarily in political and economic terms, but have given less attention to the social dimensions of the revolutionary experience. So you decide to focus — broadly — on the social origins of the American Revolution.

• Let's return to the social origins of the American Revolution. You might be able to cover this topic in 500 pages, but if you are writing a 20-page research paper for a class, you'll need to focus your topic further. What social group or groups will you focus on in order to address the social origins of the American Revolution? Break down the "social" into categories — women, racial minorities, farmers, city-dwellers, writers, travelers, businessmen, or children. There are numerous different angles you can take. See what hasn't been written before and then write on that subject.

• Let's say that you've decided to focus on the role of farmers and the American Revolution. Try to formulate a question based on your narrowed field such as: What role did farmers play in the origins of the American Revolution?

Constructing a Thesis

• For example, you could answer the above question (i.e., What role did farmers play in the origins of the American Revolution?) in several ways. Farmers directly participated in public riots against British officers. Farmers refused to sell their crops to British contingents. Farmers refused to quarter British soldiers in their homes. Farmers refused to pay taxes on their goods.
• It is a good idea to start with several hypothetical thesis statements. If one proves to be false or isn't supported by enough evidence, you can start in a new direction quickly.

• For example: The quartering of British soldiers in the homes of poor farmers caused them to protest British taxes and to attack British troops.
• This is a single sentence thesis statement that addresses both why the farmers chose to revolt and how they did so.

• If your professor wanted to you to focus on the political causes of the American Revolution, she might stop you from researching farmers. This would save you time in the long run.

Performing Research

• For our paper on the role of farmers and the American Revolution, we might need to visit local archives and the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration to get the necessary documents.
• If you're feeling overwhelmed by the volume of research, see if your library has appointments with a research librarian. Librarians stay up to date with current trends in scholarship and can help guide your search. [10] X Research source

• Include author, title, and publication information in your notes, so that you can type up a reference list at the end of your research paper. You can also use a program such as EndNote, RefWorks, or LaTEX to help you manage your citations.
• Create a note sheet of quotations that you may want to use in your research paper. It is better to gather more than you need at this point, since you will need evidence from reputable sources to support your thesis.

• For web sources, use sources from peer-reviewed journals, government institutions and organizations, and public archives first. Blogs and other non-authoritative web sources are usually inappropriate for a research paper.
• Organize your notes. Put your notes/data in a logical order that backs up your thesis statement. Organize them so they flow from one to the next. For our imaginary project, it would be best to put your notes on quartered British troops before notes on farmer's revolutionary actions. Since our argument is that quartered troops angered farmers into action, we need to discuss them in that order. [13] X Research source

• For example, if you discovered that farmers were primarily unhappy quartering British soldiers because they ate all their food, you'd want to include that information in your thesis statement.
• Quartered British troops consumed large quantities of food while housed with poor farmers. Because they couldn't feed themselves and quarter troops, these farmers chose to protest British taxes and to attack British troops. As such, farmers played a significant role in the origins of the American Revolution.

Starting Your Research Paper

• Consider composing an outline as a list of questions you would like to answer. Start with your thesis at the beginning, then break it down into sections that back up your argument. Write questions like "Why is this research important?" and "What studies support my thesis?" Then insert information you found while researching into your outline that answers these questions.
• You can also write a prose outline, instead of a question-based outline. Place headers that are the subjects of each paragraph or section of your research paper. Add quotes and other notes in bullets below the subject. You can begin your composition directly from a prose-based outline.
• Continue researching if you need to fill holes in your outline. Be sure to gather bibliographic information as you go.

• This is how most people begin their research papers. They don't want to make their subject seem too obscure, so they write about larger points before jumping head first into their topic. [16] X Research source
• Just make sure that your broad statement is related to your thesis statement. And make sure that everyone can agree with your broad statement. You don't want to have your readership criticizing your argument from the beginning. You need to build a certain degree of trust.
• By all means, avoid the "Throughout history" or "In modern society" types of opening lines. These are so overused that they have become hackneyed, and they will damage your credibility as a writer before your reader has looked at another word. [17] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source

• For example, if you want to write a research paper on philately (stamp collecting), you should probably begin by defining your key term. But don't go for the standard "Webster's Dictionary defines philately as..." opening. See if you can make your opening line attention-grabbing or intriguing. [19] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source

• By setting up this story at the beginning, you'd be able to return to it periodically over the course of your paper to illustrate points and to re-assert your thesis statement. [20] X Research source
• Interesting anecdotes or surprising facts can be a good way to hook your readers and lead in to your thesis statement. [21] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source

• If you aren't sure about how to start your essay, have a look at some published works in your subject. They'll be a lot fancier than your paper needs to be, but they can give you a sense of that subject's conventions.

Drafting Your Research Paper

• Some writers find it helpful to write the body of the text and then return and write the introduction and conclusion. This gives them a better sense of what exactly they want to argue.

• Be sure to give the author credit. You don't want to be accused of plagiarism. [22] X Research source

• In general, bibliographies should be organized by type of source and by alphabetical order.

Expert Q&A

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://gustavus.edu/writingcenter/handoutdocs/getting_started_research.php
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/688/01/
• ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Sociology Professor, Stanford University. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/658/03/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/545/01/
• ↑ https://www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/research/research-paper-steps/developing-thesis/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/552/01/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/559/1/
• ↑ http://www.aresearchguide.com/1steps.html
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/553/03/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/01/
• ↑ http://libguides.astate.edu/c.php?g=14501&p=78098
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/introductions/
• ↑ http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=ijpbl
• ↑ http://www.plagiarism.org/citing-sources/cite-sources/
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/reading-aloud/

About this article

To start a research paper, start by crafting a broad, factual statement about your subject to pull readers in before introducing your thesis. For example, if you’re writing about the role of famers in the American Revolution, make a blanket statement about the complex causes of the revolutionary movement. Alternatively, begin with a true story, such as an attack by a family on a British soldier quartered with them for eating all their bread. Then, return to the story periodically throughout your paper to illustrate the key points of your thesis. For more tips from our English co-author, including how to decide on a topic and formulate a thesis, scroll down! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Start a Research Paper (and Not Hate the Process)

Starting a research paper is the part where most students freeze up. It’s that overwhelming combo of "Where do I begin?" and "This needs to sound smart." It’s tempting to procrastinate, fall down a YouTube rabbit hole, or think, “Maybe I should pay for essay writing or use a research paper writing service .”

But starting doesn’t have to be painful. In fact, it can even feel... manageable. The key is knowing how to start off a research paper with a plan that works. So, grab your favorite snack, take a deep breath, and let’s break it down into bite-sized steps that’ll make your life a lot easier (and your professor much happier).

What Is a Research Paper?

A research paper is a detailed exploration of a specific topic where you investigate, analyze, and present information based on thorough research. The goal of writing a research paper is to develop and support a central idea or thesis using credible sources like books, academic journals, and studies. 

Typically, a research paper follows a clear structure. It starts with an introduction where you present your main idea or question, then moves into a review of the existing literature — what other scholars have already said about the topic. From there, you outline your research methods, present your findings, and end with a conclusion that ties everything together.

A research paper is just your way of showing that you not only understand the topic but can also contribute new insights or perspectives. 

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Research Paper Introduction: How to Start a Research Paper Effectively

Starting a research paper can be tough, especially when you’re unsure of how to write a research paper effectively. The good news is that once you know the key steps, the introduction becomes a lot easier to write. It's all about getting into the flow with the right approach, and by the end of this, you'll have a clear plan for how to start your research paper confidently.

In this section, we’ll walk through how to craft an engaging, clear, and purposeful introduction that will set the stage for your entire paper. We’ll explore some good ways to start a research paper, and by the end, you’ll have a roadmap to make the whole process smoother.

1. Why the Introduction Matters

Let’s start by understanding why the introduction is so important. It’s the first thing your reader sees, and it sets the tone for the entire research paper. It does three main things:

• Grabs the reader’s attention : You want to hook your reader right from the start. If you lose them here, it’s hard to win them back.
• Introduces the topic : The introduction gives your reader a sense of what you’ll be discussing and why it matters.
• Presents your thesis : This is the heart of your introduction. Your thesis is the main point or argument you’re going to make in your paper.

The best way to start a research paper is by focusing on these goals. If you can do that, you're off to a great start.

In some cases, students might consider using admission essay writing services to help them get started on difficult topics. It’s an option for those looking for guidance.

2. Hooking Your Reader: How to Start Off Strong

When you’re thinking about how to start your research paper, you want to grab the reader’s attention in a way that makes them want to keep reading. Here is how to start a research paper:

• Start with a surprising fact or statistic : Something unexpected can immediately draw the reader in. For example, if your paper is about climate change, you might begin with a startling fact like: “The world’s glaciers are shrinking five times faster now than they were in the 1960s.” A fact like this makes the reader pay attention.
• Ask a thought-provoking question : This can get the reader thinking right away. If you’re writing about remote learning, you might ask: “Is online education really the future of learning, or is it widening the gap between students?” This gets the reader engaged and hints at the argument or discussion to come.
• Use a brief anecdote or example : A short story or real-world example can humanize your topic and make it feel more relatable. For instance: “When schools shut down in 2020, millions of students were thrown into a new reality, learning from their bedrooms. But was this shift beneficial, or did it create new challenges?”  

Each of these methods is a good way to start a research paper because they make your introduction engaging while naturally leading into your topic.

3. Providing Background Information

Once you’ve hooked your reader, it’s time to provide some context. This is where you introduce the topic and give your reader just enough background to understand what’s going on. 

Here are some things to consider when providing background:

• What’s the topic? : Be clear about what your paper is about. If you’re writing an academic research paper on climate change, say so directly.
• Why does it matter? : This is where you highlight the importance of your research. Why should people care about this topic? For example, you might explain how climate change is already affecting millions of people, making it a crucial issue for policymakers.
• What’s been said before? : Briefly mention what other researchers or experts have found about your topic. This helps position your paper within the broader conversation.

Keep it simple here. You want your reader to understand the basics of what your paper is about without feeling overwhelmed.

If you need to present your methods clearly, referring to a research proposal example APA can be a helpful way to structure your paper. It ensures that you follow the correct format.

4. Writing a Clear Thesis Statement

Now comes the most important part of your introduction: the thesis statement. This is where you tell your reader exactly what point or argument your paper will make.

A good thesis is clear, direct, and specific. It’s not just a statement of fact, but an argument or claim that you’ll be proving throughout the paper.

Here’s an example of a clear thesis statement: “This paper argues that remote learning, while convenient, has increased inequality in education by limiting access to resources for lower-income students.”

This thesis gives the reader a clear sense of what the paper will be about, and it sets up the argument you’re going to make.

5. Providing a Brief Roadmap

In longer academic research papers, it can be helpful to give the reader a brief roadmap of what’s to come. This doesn’t need to be long — just a sentence or two outlining the structure of your paper. It helps the reader know what to expect and shows that you have a plan.

For example: “The first section of this paper will review current literature on remote learning, followed by an analysis of new data on student outcomes. The conclusion will suggest potential solutions to address the growing digital divide.”

This lets the reader know what’s coming next and gives them a sense of direction.

6. Keeping the Tone Simple and Clear

While your introduction should be informative and professional, don’t stress about sounding overly formal or academic. The best introductions strike a balance — they’re clear and to the point, but also engaging and approachable.

Here are some tips for keeping the tone simple:

• Be concise : Don’t let your introduction drag on. Keep it focused and clear.
• Use active voice : This makes your writing more direct and easier to read.
• Avoid jargon : If you have to use technical terms, make sure to explain them briefly, especially if your audience may not be familiar with the terms.

Remember, your goal is to communicate your ideas in a way that’s easy to understand, so don’t overcomplicate it.

And if you ever feel stuck, you can always check out a research proposal writing service or look into research papers for sale to see samples that might spark some inspiration.

Research Paper Title Page: How to Format It in MLA and APA

When writing a research paper, one of the first things you'll need to handle is the title page (also called the cover page). Whether you're following MLA or APA style guidelines, the title page is the first impression of your paper, so it’s important to get it right. 

A well-formatted cover page for research paper not only looks professional but also follows academic standards and provides key information about your paper.

What Is a Title Page for a Research Paper?

This is the first page of your research paper. It includes essential information like the title of your paper, your name, and other details depending on the style guide you’re using. 

Understanding the difference between the two will ensure that your research paper starts off on the right foot.

MLA Research Paper Title Page

In MLA format, a separate title page is generally not required unless specifically requested by your instructor. Instead, you typically include a heading on the first page of your paper. But if a title page is needed, here’s how to set it up.

MLA Title Page Format

• Your Name : Place your name at the top of the title page, aligned to the left.
• Instructor’s Name : Directly beneath your name, include the name of your instructor or professor.
• Course Name and Number : Follow the instructor’s name with the course name and number (e.g., "English 101").
• Date : The date is placed directly under the course name, written in this format: Day Month Year (e.g., 22 October 2024).
• Title : The title of your research paper should be centered on the page and capitalized (title case). Do not italicize, underline, or bold the title unless specific style instructions ask for it.

Example of an MLA title page setup:

Key MLA Guidelines:

• Font and Spacing : MLA recommends using a legible font like Times New Roman in size 12, with double-spacing throughout the title page and the rest of the paper.
• Margins : One-inch margins should be used on all sides of the page.

Page Numbers : MLA usually requires the inclusion of your last name and page number in the upper right corner of every page, but this does not appear on the title page.

APA Research Paper Title Page

In APA format, a title page is always required, and it includes more elements than in MLA format. This format is common in fields such as psychology, social sciences, and education. The APA title page is a bit more formal and structured, so you’ll need to pay attention to these details.

APA Title Page Format

• Title of Your Paper : Centered and positioned in the upper half of the page, bolded, and written in title case. You should place it about three or four lines down from the top of the page. The title should clearly describe the content of your paper and be concise (about 12 words or fewer). For example: The Relationship Between Sleep and Academic Performance in College Students.
• Author Name(s) : Beneath the title, write your full name (First Name Last Name) and any co-authors' names, without using titles like Dr. or Ph.D.
• Institutional Affiliation : Directly under your name, write the name of the institution you are affiliated with (usually your university or college).
• Course Name and Number : Include the course name and number (e.g., "PSYC 101") directly under the institutional affiliation.
• Instructor's Name : Below the course information, write your instructor's name (e.g., "Professor Susan Lee").
• Due Date : Lastly, include the due date of your paper (Month Day, Year).

Example of an APA title page setup:

Key APA Guidelines:

• Font and Spacing : APA format also uses a legible font like Times New Roman (size 12) and double-spacing throughout the title page and paper.
• Running Head : A running head is required in APA papers for professional publications but optional for student papers unless otherwise instructed. If required, it should be placed in the header, aligned to the left, and in all caps. It should include a shortened version of your title (50 characters or fewer) and appear on every page of the paper.
• Page Number : Include the page number in the upper right corner of the title page and on every subsequent page.

Key Differences Between MLA and APA Title Pages

While both styles aim for a clear and professional presentation of your research paper, there are some notable differences between MLA and APA title pages:

• Title : APA titles are bolded, while MLA titles are not.
• Running Head : APA format may require a running head, but MLA does not.
• Institutional Affiliation : APA requires the inclusion of your institutional affiliation, whereas MLA does not.
• Heading Placement : In MLA, your name, instructor, course, and date appear at the top left of the first page. In APA, these details are centered on the title page.

Understanding these differences will help you avoid confusion and ensure your title page meets the correct formatting standards.

Research Paper Introduction Example

Research Paper Introduction Example: Should Parents Be Held Accountable for the Criminal Acts of Their Children? Recently, youth gang connected attacks have been occurring in an increasing prevalence, with some even causing deaths, such as the killing of a college student at Suburbs East. Such occurrences have made a lot of people to wonder about the origin of those violent actions, with much of the extent of guilt being put on the parents of such adolescents. In any event, one has to question whether the parents should be penalized for the offenses of their kids. Some people believe that parents should be held responsible for the criminal acts of their offspring because parents are mostly accountable for the education and upbringing of their kids, and frequently impact the actions and behavior of their children until they become mature and independent. This is because they are almost always the ones that raise their kids after birth. As such, it is believed that parents start to influence the ethical range of their children from a young age, and one’s ethics are critically impacted by the way parents act and their personalities (Gratz, 169). This logic can make parents responsible for their children if they do wrong later on — because they are understood to not have raised their child in the right way. Furthermore, there is an argument that children are virtually completely controlled by their parents, as they are apt to want to make their parents happy, and they would, therefore, listen to whatever they are told to do or how they are told to behave (Michael, Andrew and Michael, 4). This, in turn, makes many people think that parents should always be the ones to be blamed for the criminal acts of their children, as they believe that they have the power to warn and control them.

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Final Thoughts

Congratulations on finishing your research paper! Answer these questions to avoid careless mistakes.

• Is your opening sentence interesting enough to grab attention right away? 
• Have you provided enough background information for the reader to understand the subject of your paper?
• Is your thesis statement clear and specific? 
• Have you used reliable and accurate sources? 
• Is the tone appropriate for your audience? 
• Does your introduction preview the structure of your paper? 
• Are there any areas that need more clarification? 
• Is your format the proper format assigned by your instructor?

And here are several tips for the best way to start a research paper:

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Need Some Help with Your Research Paper?

If you are still struggling with any part of your essay, remember that we are always here to give you a helping hand to make your life easier.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Updated definition.

Updated examples.

Updated tips on writing a research paper introduction.

Microsoft. (n.d.). How to Write an Introduction for a Research Paper . Microsoft. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365-life-hacks/writing/how-to-write-an-introduction-for-a-research-paper

North Hennepin Community College. (n.d.). Basic Steps in the Research Process . North Hennepin Community College. https://www.nhcc.edu/academics/library/doing-library-research/basic-steps-research-process

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How to Start (and Complete) a Research Paper

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TIP Sheet HOW TO START (AND COMPLETE) A RESEARCH PAPER

You are a re-entry student and it's been fourteen years since you've written a paper. You coasted through high school on your charm and good looks and never actually wrote a research paper. You have written research papers, but every time is like the first time, and the first time was like a root canal. How do you start? Here is a step-by-step approach to starting and completing a research paper.

• Choose a topic.
• Read and keep records.
• Form a thesis.
• Create a mind map or outline.
• Read again.
• Rethink your thesis.
• Draft the body.
• Add the beginning and end.
• Proofread and edit.

You may read this TIP Sheet from start to finish before you begin your paper, or skip to the steps that are causing you the most grief.

1. Choosing a topic: Interest, information, and focus Your job will be more pleasant, and you will be more apt to retain information if you choose a topic that holds your interest. Even if a general topic is assigned ("Write about impacts of GMO crops on world food supply"), as much as possible find an approach that suits your interests. Your topic should be one on which you can find adequate information; you might need to do some preliminary research to determine this. Go to the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature in the reference section of the library, or to an electronic database such as Proquest or Wilson Web, and search for your topic. The Butte College Library Reference Librarians are more than happy to assist you at this (or any) stage of your research. Scan the results to see how much information has been published. Then, narrow your topic to manageable size:

Once you have decided on a topic and determined that enough information is available, you are ready to proceed. At this point, however, if you are having difficulty finding adequate quality information, stop wasting your time; find another topic.

2. Preliminary reading & recordkeeping Gather some index cards or a small notebook and keep them with you as you read. First read a general article on your topic, for example from an encyclopedia. On an index card or in the notebook, record the author, article and/or book title, and all publication information in the correct format (MLA or APA, for example) specified by your instructor. (If you need to know what publication information is needed for the various types of sources, see a writing guide such as S F Writer .) On the index cards or in your notebook, write down information you want to use from each identified source, including page numbers. Use quotation marks on anything you copy exactly, so you can distinguish later between exact quotes and paraphrasing. (You will still attribute information you have quoted or paraphrased.)

Some students use a particular index card method throughout the process of researching and writing that allows them great flexibility in organizing and re-organizing as well as in keeping track of sources; others color-code or otherwise identify groups of facts. Use any method that works for you in later drafting your paper, but always start with good recordkeeping.

3. Organizing: Mind map or outline Based on your preliminary reading, draw up a working mind map or outline. Include any important, interesting, or provocative points, including your own ideas about the topic. A mind map is less linear and may even include questions you want to find answers to. Use the method that works best for you. The object is simply to group ideas in logically related groups. You may revise this mind map or outline at any time; it is much easier to reorganize a paper by crossing out or adding sections to a mind map or outline than it is to laboriously start over with the writing itself.

4. Formulating a thesis: Focus and craftsmanship Write a well defined, focused, three- to five-point thesis statement, but be prepared to revise it later if necessary. Take your time crafting this statement into one or two sentences, for it will control the direction and development of your entire paper.

For more on developing thesis statements, see the TIP Sheets "Developing a Thesis and Supporting Arguments" and "How to Structure an Essay."

5. Researching: Facts and examples Now begin your heavy-duty research. Try the internet, electronic databases, reference books, newspaper articles, and books for a balance of sources. For each source, write down on an index card (or on a separate page of your notebook) the publication information you will need for your works cited (MLA) or bibliography (APA) page. Write important points, details, and examples, always distinguishing between direct quotes and paraphrasing. As you read, remember that an expert opinion is more valid than a general opinion, and for some topics (in science and history, for example), more recent research may be more valuable than older research. Avoid relying too heavily on internet sources, which vary widely in quality and authority and sometimes even disappear before you can complete your paper.

Never copy-and-paste from internet sources directly into any actual draft of your paper. For more information on plagiarism, obtain from the Butte College Student Services office a copy of the college's policy on plagiarism, or attend the Critical Skills Plagiarism Workshop given each semester.

6. Rethinking: Matching mind map and thesis After you have read deeply and gathered plenty of information, expand or revise your working mind map or outline by adding information, explanations, and examples. Aim for balance in developing each of your main points (they should be spelled out in your thesis statement). Return to the library for additional information if it is needed to evenly develop these points, or revise your thesis statement to better reflect what you have learned or the direction your paper seems to have taken.

7. Drafting: Beginning in the middle Write the body of the paper, starting with the thesis statement and omitting for now the introduction (unless you already know exactly how to begin, but few writers do). Use supporting detail to logically and systematically validate your thesis statement. For now, omit the conclusion also.

For more on systematically developing a thesis statement, see TIP sheets "Developing a Thesis and Supporting Arguments" and "How to Structure an Essay."

8. Revising: Organization and attribution Read, revise, and make sure that your ideas are clearly organized and that they support your thesis statement. Every single paragraph should have a single topic that is derived from the thesis statement. If any paragraph does not, take it out, or revise your thesis if you think it is warranted. Check that you have quoted and paraphrased accurately, and that you have acknowledged your sources even for your paraphrasing. Every single idea that did not come to you as a personal epiphany or as a result of your own methodical reasoning should be attributed to its owner.

For more on writing papers that stay on-topic, see the TIP Sheets "Developing a Thesis and Supporting Arguments" and "How to Structure an Essay." For more on avoiding plagiarism, see the Butte College Student Services brochure, "Academic Honesty at Butte College," or attend the Critical Skills Plagiarism Workshop given each semester.

9. Writing: Intro, conclusion, and citations Write the final draft. Add a one-paragraph introduction and a one-paragraph conclusion. Usually the thesis statement appears as the last sentence or two of the first, introductory paragraph. Make sure all citations appear in the correct format for the style (MLA, APA) you are using. The conclusion should not simply restate your thesis, but should refer to it. (For more on writing conclusions, see the TIP Sheet "How to Structure an Essay.") Add a Works Cited (for MLA) or Bibliography (for APA) page.

10. Proofreading: Time and objectivity Time permitting, allow a few days to elapse between the time you finish writing your last draft and the time you begin to make final corrections. This "time out" will make you more perceptive, more objective, and more critical. On your final read, check for grammar, punctuation, correct word choice, adequate and smooth transitions, sentence structure, and sentence variety. For further proofreading strategies, see the TIP Sheet "Revising, Editing, and Proofreading."

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